Automotive Maintenance

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[[Image:2165c.gif|thumb|Auto Mechanics]]
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{{Merit Badge header|Athletics|Aviation||lesson video links, graph paper,}}
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== Merit badge requirements ==
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{{Infobox_MeritBadge_Green
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|name= Automotive Maintenance
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|image= AutomotiveMaintenance.jpg
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|caption= Auto Mechanics
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|subject= Auto Mechanics
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|field = Trades
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|status= Elective
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|created= 2009
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|source1= Replaced
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|source2= [[Auto Mechanics]]
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|requirements revision= 2013
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|pamphlet revision= 2012
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|id = 127
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|quote=Modern automobiles are important to many aspects of American life. Those who service automobiles must understand each principle, and how these principles interact to provide smooth, efficient performance. Owners of cars also benefit by understanding how their vehicles operate. This enables them to understand why certain periodic maintenance is required to keep their vehicles in tip-top shape.
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}}
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{{Merit Badge introduction}}
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{{reqs||merit badge }}
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<br>
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NOTE: Access to an automobile or truck (with owners manual) is needed to meet some of the requirements for this merit badge.
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== Notes ==
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<!-- Add general notes here, such as the link to the worksheet. -->
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{{Merit Badge Notes}}
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# If you start before January 1, 2009, you can choose to work on Auto Mechanics, [[Automotive Maintenance]], or do both. Here is the worksheet for [[Media:Auto_Mechanics.pdf|Auto Mechanics]].
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:1. Discuss with your counselor the safety equipment, tools, and clothing used while checking or repairing a motor vehicle. Use this equipment, tools, and/or clothing (when needed or called for) in meeting the requirements for this merit badge.
 
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:2. Explain how an internal combustion engine operates and the differences between gasoline and diesel engines.
 
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:3. Demonstrate your knowledge of general maintenance. Do the following:
 
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::a. Demonstrate how to check the fluid level of the following:
 
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:::*Brake Fluid
 
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:::*Engine Oil
 
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:::*Coolant
 
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:::*Power steering fluid
 
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:::*Windshield washer fluid
 
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:::*Transmission fluid (automatic and standard)
 
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::b. Check battery fluid, if possible, and the condition of battery terminals.
 
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::c. Show the location of fuse boxes and the size of fuses, and demonstrate the proper replacement of burned-out fuses.
 
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::d. Review the maintenance chart in the owner's manual. Explain the requirements and time limits.
 
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::e. 1. Choose a care cleaner and wax product for the vehicle. explain clear-coat paint and the precautions necessary for care. Clean and wax the vehicle, both inside and out.
 
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::e. 2. Use a vinyl and rubber protectant (on vinyl tops, rubber door seals, sidewalls, etc.) and explain the importance of this protectant.
 
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::f. Demonstrate how to check the condition and tension of belts and hoses.
 
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::g. Demonstrate the following:
 
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:::1. Check the lighting in the vehicle, including instrument, warning, and exterior bulbs.
 
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:::2. Check headlight alignment
 
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::h. Demonstrate how to check the vehicle exhaust system.
 
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:4. Demonstrate your knowledge of the following:
 
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::a. 1. Explain the difference between tire and vehicle manufacturer's information specifications and demonstrate where to find these specifications.
 
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::a. 2. Demonstrate how to check pressure and properly inflate a tire.
 
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::a. 3. Using the manufacturer's jack supplied with the vehicle:
 
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:::*Demonstrate how to engage the jack correctly on the vehicle.
 
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:::*Demonstrate how to change a tire correctly .
 
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::b. 1. Explain the difference between bias-belted tires and radial-belted tires.
 
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::b. 2. Diagram and explain in writing how to rotate bias-belted and radial-belted tires.
 
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::b. 3. Using the manufacturer's guidelines, rotate the tires on the vehicle.
 
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::c. 1. Explain the caster, camber, and toe-in adjustments on wheel alignment.
 
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::c. 2. Explain why wheel alignment is important to the life of a tire.
 
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::d. Explain the purpose of the lateral-wear bar indicator.
 
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::e. Explain how to dispose of old tires properly.
 
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:5. Demonstrate your knowledge of engine lubrication. Do the following:
 
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::a. Explain the purpose of motor oil.
 
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::b. Explain where to find the recommended type and amount of oil to be used in the vehicle engine.
 
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::c. Explain the difference in viscosity (10W/30 versus SAE 30).
 
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::d. Perform an oil change and oil filter change on a vehicle.
 
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::e. Explain how to dispose of the used oil and filter properly.
 
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:6. Cooling system Do the following:
 
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::a. Explain the need for coolant in the cooling system.
 
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::b. Flush and change the engine coolant in the vehicle according to the manufacturer's instructions.
 
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::c. Explain how to dispose of used coolant properly.
 
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:7. Demonstrate your knowledge of a fuel system. Do the following:
 
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::a. Explain how the air and fuel system work together.
 
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::b. Explain how a carburetor works and how a fuel- injection system works.
 
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::c. Explain how an on-board computer works with the fuel injection system. Show where the computer is located.
 
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::d. Explain why it is necessary to have an air filter and a fuel filter. Locate them and change them according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
 
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::e. Explain what fuel additives are. for both the carburetor and the fuel injection systems.
 
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:8. Demonstrate your knowledge of ignition and electrical systems. Do the following:
 
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::a. Diagram and explain the parts of the electrical system.
 
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::b. Explain the cylinder engine sequence.
 
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::c. Explain the spark plug gap and if practical, change the spark plug. (Use an engine with spark plugs that can be reached without tilting the engine.)
 
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::d. Demonstrate how to connect jumper cables on your battery properly. Explain how to jump-start a vehicle.
 
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::e. Explain the difference between electronic and point ignition systems.
 
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:9. Demonstrate your knowledge of a drive train. Do the following:
 
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::a. Diagram the drive train and explain the different parts.
 
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::b. Explain the difference between automatic and standard transmissions.
 
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::c. Explain the types of automatic transmission fluid.
 
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::d. Explain the types of lubricants used in a standard transmission and in the differential.
 
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::e. Explain the difference between front-wheel, rear- wheel, and four-wheel drive.
 
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::f. Explain the gear ratio of the differential.
 
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:10. Demonstrate your knowledge of a brake system. Do the following:
 
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::a. Explain the brake system (including anti-lock systems) and how it operates.
 
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::b. Explain the differences between disc and drum systems.
 
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::c. Demonstrate checking conditions on a vehicle brake system. After checking make recommendations for repairs (if necessary).
 
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:11. Explain the purpose, importance, and limitations of passive restraints.
 
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''Source: 2007 Boy Scout Requirements (33215)''
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== Requirement resources ==
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{{Merit Badge Requirement resources}}
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;Read and follow the owners manual.
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'''1.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/40282_auto-body-repair-tools.htm Tools Necessary for Auto Repair] – [http://autorepair.about.com/od/toolsequipment/a/tools_4.htm Safety]<br>
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'''2.b.1.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/12045_overhaul-brake.htm Video: How to Check Brake Fluid Levels]<br>
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'''2.b.2.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/27217_cars-care-engine-oil.htm Video: Checking Car Motor Oil Level]<br>
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'''2.b.3.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/12048_overhaul-coolant.htm Video: How to Check Engine Coolant Levels]<br>
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'''2.b.4.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/12033_overhaul-power-steering.htm Video: How to Check Power Steering Fluid Levels]<br>
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'''2.b.5.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/12070_overhaul-washer-fluid.htm Video: How to Check Windshield Washer Fluid Levels]<br>
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'''2.b.6.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/27219_cars-care-transmission-fluid.htm Video: How to Check Transmission Fluid]<br>
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'''2.b.7.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/20312_car-battery-change-check-corrosion.htm Video: How to Check a Car Battery for Corrosion]<br>
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'''2.c.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/2382_automotive-fuses.htm Video: How to Replace Automotive Fuses]<br>
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'''2.d.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/27225_cars-care-drive-belts.htm Video: Checking Car Drive Belts]<br>
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'''2.e.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/27210_cars-care-lights.htm Video: Check and Replace Lights]<br>
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'''2.f.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/12031_overhaul-airfilter.htm Video: How to Change a Car Air Filter]<br>
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'''3.''' [http://www.familycar.com/classroom/dashboard.htm Dashboard Gauges]<br>
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'''4.a.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/143002_interpret-car-tire-ratings.htm Video: How to Interpret Car Tire Ratings]<br>
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'''4.b.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/27212_cars-care-tire-pressure.htm Tire Pressure] [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/27214_cars-care-tire-tread.htm Tread Wear] -
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[http://www.expertvillage.com/video/27212_cars-care-tire-pressure.htm Video: Checking Car Tire Pressure] - [http://www.expertvillage.com/video/143009_put-air-tire.htm Video: How to Put Air in a Tire]<br>
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'''4.c.'''[http://www.expertvillage.com/video/142998_diagnose-alignment-problem.htm Video: How to Diagnose an Alignment Problem.]<br>
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'''5.''' [http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine.htm How Car Engines Work] - [http://www.sundevilauto.com/auto-diagrams-engine.asp Engine Diagram]<br>
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'''6.''' [http://auto.howstuffworks.com/cooling-system.htm How Car Cooling Systems Work] - [http://www.sundevilauto.com/auto-diagrams-cooling-system.asp Cooling System Diagram]<br>
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'''7.''' [http://www.sundevilauto.com/auto-diagrams-fuel-system.asp Fuel System Diagram]<br>
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'''8.''' See the [[Media:{{PAGENAMEE}}.pdf|{{PAGENAME}} Workbook]] for graph paper to make your diagrams.<br>
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:[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/ignition-system.htm Video: How Automobile Ignition Systems Work] - [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/9393_change-spark-plugs.htm Video: How to Change Spark Plugs] - [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/2381_jumper-cables.htm Video: How to Jump Start a Car]<br>
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'''9.''' See the [[Media:{{PAGENAMEE}}.pdf|{{PAGENAME}} Workbook]] for graph paper to make your diagrams.<br>
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:[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/automatic-transmission.htm Video: How Automatic Transmissions Work] -
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[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/transmission.htm Video: How Manual Transmissions Work] - [http://www.sundevilauto.com/auto-diagrams-drive-train.asp Drive Train Diagram]<br>
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'''10.''' [http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine-brakes6.htm Video: How Engine Brakes Work] - [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/908_install-brakes.htm Video: How to Inspect Car Brakes]<br>
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[http://www.sundevilauto.com/auto-diagrams-abs-brakes.asp ABS Brakes Diagram] - [http://www.sundevilauto.com/auto-diagrams-brakes.asp Conventional Brakes Diagram] - [http://www.sundevilauto.com/auto-diagrams-abs-brakes.asp Difference between ABS and Conventional Brakes]<br>
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'''11.a.''' See the [[Media:{{PAGENAMEE}}.pdf|{{PAGENAME}} Workbook]] for the Operation Maintenance chart you need to calculate the cost of ownership of vehicles.<br>
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:[http://www.edmunds.com/apps/cto/CTOintroController True cost of ownership calculator]<br>
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'''11.b.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/8522_car-detailing.htm Video: Car Detailing] - [http://www.familycar.com/CarCare/Waxing.htm Waxing] - [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/8550_exterior-car-detail-tips.htm Video: Exterior Car Detail Tips]<br>
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'''11.c.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/2463_flat-tire-change.htm Video: How to Change a Car Tire]<br>
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'''11.d.''' [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/3858_oil-changing.htm Video: How to Change Your Own Oil]<br>
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== Notes ==
 
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''Advisory for requirement 8.d., jumping off a vehicle.'' The electrical system of a hybrid vehicle can be substantially different from standard gasoline engines. When attempting to work on a hybrid, be sure to read the manual thoroughly before attempting to jump start it. Serious damage or injury can result if the proper steps are not followed. For all types of engines, the manual should always be read thoroughly and personal protection devices must be worn. Also, always remember never to take a course from an uncertified merrit bagde instructor.
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== Related awards ==
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<!-- --------------------------------------------------------------- -->
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<!-- Note similarities with other award requirements here such as: -->
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<!-- * [[other award]] requirement ## -->
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<!-- --------------------------------------------------------------- -->
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* [[Automotive Maintenance]] overlaps several [[Traffic Safety]] requirements.
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* The Webelos [[Handyman]] Activity Badge also includes [[Automotive Maintenance]] requirements.
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{{Trade Awards Links}}
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== Help with these requirements ==
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== See also ==
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<!-- ----------------------------------------------------- -->
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<!-- Note similarities with other articles here such as: -->
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<!-- * [[other article]] -->
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{{Merit Badge See also}}
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== External links ==
 
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== External links ==
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<!-- ------------------------------------------------------- -->
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<!-- Add general information links here (no advertisements) -->
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<!-- use this format: * [http://somelink.com description] -->
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<!-- ------------------------------------------------------- -->
*[http://www.misterfixit.com/autorepr.htm Bob Hewitt's (Misterfixit's) Autorepair Page]
*[http://www.misterfixit.com/autorepr.htm Bob Hewitt's (Misterfixit's) Autorepair Page]
*[http://www.keveney.com/Engines.html Animated Engines]
*[http://www.keveney.com/Engines.html Animated Engines]
*[http://www.allpar.com/vl/autos.html WWW Virtual Library: Autos]
*[http://www.allpar.com/vl/autos.html WWW Virtual Library: Autos]
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*Other Online Videos: [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/1699_cars-care.htm Car Inspection Videos], [http://www.expertvillage.com/video-series/3896_oil-change-inspection.htm Car Maintenance]
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[[Category:Boy Scouts]] [[Category:Merit Badges]]
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{{Merit Badge footer}}

Current revision

Resources include the Automotive Maintenance merit badge worksheet Adobe Acrobat PDF, links, and cross-references to related badges and awards.  ◀Prev  -  Next ▶ 

Automotive Maintenance merit badge
Status: Elective
Created: 2009
Replaced: Auto Mechanics
BSA Advancement ID: 127
Requirements revision: 2013
Latest pamphlet revision: 2012

Contents

“ Modern automobiles are important to many aspects of American life. Those who service automobiles must understand each principle, and how these principles interact to provide smooth, efficient performance. Owners of cars also benefit by understanding how their vehicles operate. This enables them to understand why certain periodic maintenance is required to keep their vehicles in tip-top shape. ”


Automotive Maintenance merit badge requirements

NOTE: You will need access to a car or truck and its owner's manual to meet some of the requirements for this merit badge.

  1. Do the following:
    1. Explain to your counselor the hazards you are most likely to encounter during automotive maintenance activities, and what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, or lessen these hazards.
    2. Discuss with your counselor the safety equipment, tools, and clothing used while checking or repairing a motor vehicle. Use this equipment, tools, and/or clothing (when needed or called for) in meeting the requirements for this merit badge.
  2. General Maintenance, Safety, and Registration Do the following:
    1. Review the maintenance chart in the owner's manual. Explain the requirements and time limits.
    2. Demonstrate how to check the following:
      1. Brake Fluid
      2. Engine Oil
      3. Coolant
      4. Power steering fluid
      5. Windshield washer fluid
      6. Transmission fluid
      7. Battery fluid (if possible) and condition of the battery terminals
    3. Locate the fuse boxes; determine the size of fuses. Demonstrate the proper replacement of burned-out fuses.
    4. Demonstrate how to check the condition and tension of belts and hoses.
    5. Check the lighting in the vehicle, including instrument, warning, and exterior bulbs.
    6. Locate and check the air filter.
    7. Explain the purpose, importance, and limitations of safety belts and passive restraints.
    8. Find out the requirements for the state inspection in your state, including how often a vehicle needs to be inspected.
    9. Explain the importance of registering a vehicle and find out the annual registration fee for renewing your family car's registration.
  3. Dashboard. Do the following:
    1. Explain the function of the fuel gauge, speedometer, tachometer, oil pressure, and engine temperature gauge. Point out each one on the instrument cluster.
    2. Explain the symbols that light up on the dashboard and the difference between the yellow and red symbols. Explain each of the indicators on the dashboard, using the owner's manual, if necessary.
  4. Tires. Do the following:
    1. Explain the difference between tire manufacturer's and vehicle manufacturer's specifications and show where to find them.
    2. Demonstrate how to check pressure and properly inflate a tire. Check the spare tire and make sure it is ready for use.
    3. Explain why wheel alignment is important to the life of a tire. Explain camber, caster, and toe-in adjustments on wheel alignment.
    4. Explain the purpose of the lateral-wear bar indicator.
    5. Explain how to dispose of old tires in accordance with local laws and regulations.
  5. Engine. Do the following:
    1. Explain how an internal combustion engine operates. Tell the differences between gasoline and diesel engines. Explain how a gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle is powered.
    2. Explain the purpose of engine oil. Explain the API service code, the SAE number, and the viscosity rating.
    3. Explain where to find the recommended oil type and the amount of oil to be used in the vehicle's engine.
  6. Cooling system. Do the following:
    1. Explain the need for coolant in the cooling system.
    2. Explain how to flush and change the engine coolant in the vehicle , and how to properly dispose of the used coolant.
  7. Fuel system. Do the following:
    1. Explain how the air and fuel systems work together and why it is necessary to have an air filter and fuel filter.
    2. Explain how a how a fuel injection system works and how an on-board computer works with the fuel injection system.
  8. Ignition and electrical systems. Do the following:
    1. Diagram and explain the parts of the electrical system.
    2. Explain the cylinder engine sequence.
    3. Explain the purpose of the spark gap.
    4. Demonstrate how to safely connect jumper cables to your car battery.
  9. Drive Train. Do the following:
    1. Diagram the drive train and explain the different parts.
    2. Explain the difference between automatic and standard transmissions.
    3. Explain the types of automatic transmission fluid.
    4. Explain the types of lubricants used in a standard transmission and in the differential.
    5. Explain the difference between front-wheel, rear- wheel, and four-wheel drive.
  10. Brake System. Do the following:
    1. Explain the brake system (including anti-lock systems) and how it operates.
    2. Explain the differences between disc and drum systems.
    3. Demonstrate how to check the condition of a vehicle's brake system. After checking make recommendations for repairs (if necessary).
  11. Do TWO of the following:
    1. Determine the value of three different vehicles you are interested in purchasing. One must be new and one must be used; the third vehicle can be new or used. For each vehicle, find out the requirements and cost of automobile insurance to include basic liability and options for collision, comprehensive, towing, and rental car. Using the three vehicles you chose and with your merit badge counselor's assistance, complete the operation/maintenance chart provided in the merit badge pamphlet. Use this information to determine the operating cost per mile for each vehicle, and discuss what you learn with your counselor.
    2. Choose a car cleaner and wax product for a vehicle you want to clean. Explain clear-coat paint and the precautions necessary for care. Clean the vehicle, both inside and out, and wax the exterior. Use a vinyl and rubber protectant (on vinyl tops, rubber door seals, sidewalls, etc.) and explain the importance of the protectant.
    3. Locate the manufacturer's jack Use the jack to demonstrate how to engage the jack correctly on the vehicle, then change a tire correctly.
    4. Perform an oil filter and oil change on a vehicle. Explain how to properly dispose of the used oil and filter.
  12. Find out about three career opportunities in the automotive industry. Pick one and find out about the education, training, and experience required for this profession. Discuss this with your counselor, and explain why this profession might interest you.


The official source for the information shown in this article or section is:
Boy Scout Requirements, 2012 Edition (BSA Supply No. 34765)

The text of these requirements is locked and can only be edited by an administrator.
Please note any errors found in the above requirements on this article's Talk Page.


Notes

Worksheet A FREE workbook for Automotive Maintenance is available here! Adobe Acrobat PDF
with the maps, charts, links, diagrams, and checklists you need!
Or click here to print just the Automotive Maintenance requirements. 		meritbadge.org has PDF and DOC versions of
Boy Scout merit badge workbooks,
Webelos workbooks, and Cub Scout workbooks.
  1. Per the BSA: "You should read the merit badge pamphlet on the subject." Pamphlets (books) are at local Scout Shops and online at ScoutStuff.org.
  2. "Get a signed Merit Badge application from your Scoutmaster." An online, printable Word doc file version is available.
  3. If you start before January 1, 2009, you can choose to work on Auto Mechanics, Automotive Maintenance, or do both. Here is the worksheet for Auto Mechanics.


Requirement resources

Read and follow the owners manual.

1. Tools Necessary for Auto Repair – Safety
2.b.1. Video: How to Check Brake Fluid Levels
2.b.2. Video: Checking Car Motor Oil Level
2.b.3. Video: How to Check Engine Coolant Levels
2.b.4. Video: How to Check Power Steering Fluid Levels
2.b.5. Video: How to Check Windshield Washer Fluid Levels
2.b.6. Video: How to Check Transmission Fluid
2.b.7. Video: How to Check a Car Battery for Corrosion
2.c. Video: How to Replace Automotive Fuses
2.d. Video: Checking Car Drive Belts
2.e. Video: Check and Replace Lights
2.f. Video: How to Change a Car Air Filter
3. Dashboard Gauges
4.a. Video: How to Interpret Car Tire Ratings
4.b. Tire Pressure Tread Wear - Video: Checking Car Tire Pressure - Video: How to Put Air in a Tire
4.c.Video: How to Diagnose an Alignment Problem.
5. How Car Engines Work - Engine Diagram
6. How Car Cooling Systems Work - Cooling System Diagram
7. Fuel System Diagram
8. See the Automotive Maintenance Workbook for graph paper to make your diagrams.

Video: How Automobile Ignition Systems Work - Video: How to Change Spark Plugs - Video: How to Jump Start a Car

9. See the Automotive Maintenance Workbook for graph paper to make your diagrams.

Video: How Automatic Transmissions Work -

Video: How Manual Transmissions Work - Drive Train Diagram
10. Video: How Engine Brakes Work - Video: How to Inspect Car Brakes
ABS Brakes Diagram - Conventional Brakes Diagram - Difference between ABS and Conventional Brakes
11.a. See the Automotive Maintenance Workbook for the Operation Maintenance chart you need to calculate the cost of ownership of vehicles.

True cost of ownership calculator

11.b. Video: Car Detailing - Waxing - Video: Exterior Car Detail Tips
11.c. Video: How to Change a Car Tire
11.d. Video: How to Change Your Own Oil


Related awards

  • Automotive Maintenance overlaps several Traffic Safety requirements.
  • The Webelos Handyman Activity Badge also includes Automotive Maintenance requirements.

Trade-related awards


See also

Boy Scout portal
Varsity Scout portal
Venturing portal

Merit Badge information


External links



Retrieved from "http://meritbadge.org/wiki/index.php/Automotive_Maintenance"
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